Plant Loop Sizing[LINK]
The program needs to be able to autosize the fluid flow rate in each plant fluid loop. The design plant loop flow rates are set by the sum of the needs of the demanding components on each loop. For chilled water loops these components will be cooling coils. For hot water loops - hot water coils. And for condenser loops - various types of chiller that use condenser water for cooling. Each component that uses water for heating or cooling stores its design water flow rate (in its sizing routine) in the array CompDesWaterFlow, labeled by its inlet water supply node number. These individual component design water flow rates are then accessed, summed for each plant loop, and stored in the PlantSizingData array. This array also contains the user specified design values for each plant loop.
Hot and Chilled Water Loop Sizing[LINK]
Maximum Loop Volumetric Flow Rate[LINK]
The loop maximum volumetric flow rate (m3) is just set equal to the value stored in the PlantSizData array for this loop.
Volume of the plant loop[LINK]
Since the loop capacitance has a stability requirement of (˙VΔtstep/V)≤1 the volume is set so that the stability requirement will be 0.8 at the zone time step, which is the largest time step encountered at the max flow rate the loop can reach.
Vloop=(˙Vloop,maxΔtstep,zone3600)/0.8
Condenser Loop Sizing[LINK]
Maximum Loop Volumetric Flow Rate[LINK]
The loop maximum volumetric flow rate (m3) is just set equal to the value stored in the PlantSizData array for this loop.
Volume of the plant loop[LINK]
Since the loop capacitance has a stability requirement of (˙VΔtstep/V)≤1 the volume is set so that the stability requirement will be 0.8 at the zone time step, which is the largest time step encountered at the max flow rate the loop can reach.
Vloop=(˙Vloop,maxΔtstep,zone3600)/0.8
Coincident Plant Sizing using HVAC Sizing Simulation[LINK]
Coincident plant sizing is an advanced sizing method that uses HVAC Sizing Simulations to determine coincident flows. This section describes the algorithm used for sizing plant loop flow rate based on the coincidence of flow requests that actually occur when operating the system. The purpose is to provide a more accurate value for the plant loop design flow rate. This value is held in PlantSizData(PltSizIndex). DesVolFlowRate. For plant, this flow rate is the main independent variable used by component models in their sizing routines (along with the design temperature difference in Sizing:Plant). The code is contained in a PlantCoinicidentAnalysis object, one for each plant loop that is to be sized using the coincident method using HVAC Sizing Simulation.
The analysis will proceed as follows:
Find the maximum mass flow rate over all Sizing Periods, along with the coinciding return temperature and load. Record which sizing period and timestep. This system node used for logging here is the plant loop supply side inlet node.
Find the maximum load, and the coinciding mass flow and return temperature. Record which sizing period and timestep. For a heating or steam plant loop, the load that is logged is associated with the output variable called Plant Supply Side Heating Demand Rate. For a cooling or condenser plant loop, the load log is as for the output variable called Plant Supply Side Cooling Demand Rate.
Calculate a maximum design flow rate from the maximum load, from step 2, and the temperature difference entered in the Plant:Sizing object and the specific heat (at 5oC) of the plant fluid.
Compare the flow rate from step 1 to the flow rate from step 3 and take the higher.
Apply a sizing factor to the flow rate from Step 4, if desired. The user can select among different options for which sizing factor use.
Compare the flow rate from step 5 to the current value for plant loop flow rate and calculate a normalized change using
Normalized_Change=∣∣∣NewFlowRate−PreviousFlowRatePreviousFlowRate∣∣∣
- Normalized_Change = ABS(((New flow rate-previous flow rate)) / (previous flow rate))
- Compare magnitude of Normalized_Change to a threshold, currently set at 0.005, to determine if it was significant or not.
- If change is significant, then alter the size result for that plant loop. Set flags that sizes have changed and sizing calculations need to be called again. Trigger special setup timesteps with flags set so that all plant system and component level sizes will be recomputed. Not this will call and resize all of plant so that if one loop has coincident sizing and it places a load on a loop that has noncoincident sizing, the noncoincident loop might still change size because the loop it depends on changed. Call for another Sizing Pass.
- If change is not significant, then leave the sizes alone and do not trigger resizing. Do not call for another Sizing Pass.
See OutputDetailsAndExamples documentation for a description of a fairly comprehensive report sent the EIO file called “Plant Coincident Sizing Algorithm” which provides the user details for each execution of the algorithm. There is also a predefined summary table
The algorithm described above can have powerful impacts on the sizes of plant loops. It is not uncommon for a hot water plant to size out at around half of what would be determined from the noncoincident sum of the sizes of all the components connected to the loop. The maximum load aspect of the algorithm is able to increase plant flow rates above the size of the pumps, whereas the flow rate aspect of the algorithm is only able to reduce the flow rates. It can happen that load spikes cause sizes to increase after the first Sizing Pass, and then the coincident flow rate bring the sizes back down some during subsequent Sizing Passes. It is worthwhile to explore multiple Sizing Passes, or iterations, because sometimes the algorithm will switch between coincident flow and coincident demand from one Sizing Pass and gradually find a size that just meets conditions. Be aware that all the controls and EMS are also
Plant Loop Sizing[LINK]
Introduction[LINK]
The program needs to be able to autosize the fluid flow rate in each plant fluid loop. The design plant loop flow rates are set by the sum of the needs of the demanding components on each loop. For chilled water loops these components will be cooling coils. For hot water loops - hot water coils. And for condenser loops - various types of chiller that use condenser water for cooling. Each component that uses water for heating or cooling stores its design water flow rate (in its sizing routine) in the array CompDesWaterFlow, labeled by its inlet water supply node number. These individual component design water flow rates are then accessed, summed for each plant loop, and stored in the PlantSizingData array. This array also contains the user specified design values for each plant loop.
Hot and Chilled Water Loop Sizing[LINK]
Maximum Loop Volumetric Flow Rate[LINK]
The loop maximum volumetric flow rate (m3) is just set equal to the value stored in the PlantSizData array for this loop.
Volume of the plant loop[LINK]
Since the loop capacitance has a stability requirement of (˙VΔtstep/V)≤1 the volume is set so that the stability requirement will be 0.8 at the zone time step, which is the largest time step encountered at the max flow rate the loop can reach.
Vloop=(˙Vloop,maxΔtstep,zone3600)/0.8
Condenser Loop Sizing[LINK]
Maximum Loop Volumetric Flow Rate[LINK]
The loop maximum volumetric flow rate (m3) is just set equal to the value stored in the PlantSizData array for this loop.
Volume of the plant loop[LINK]
Since the loop capacitance has a stability requirement of (˙VΔtstep/V)≤1 the volume is set so that the stability requirement will be 0.8 at the zone time step, which is the largest time step encountered at the max flow rate the loop can reach.
Vloop=(˙Vloop,maxΔtstep,zone3600)/0.8
Coincident Plant Sizing using HVAC Sizing Simulation[LINK]
Coincident plant sizing is an advanced sizing method that uses HVAC Sizing Simulations to determine coincident flows. This section describes the algorithm used for sizing plant loop flow rate based on the coincidence of flow requests that actually occur when operating the system. The purpose is to provide a more accurate value for the plant loop design flow rate. This value is held in PlantSizData(PltSizIndex). DesVolFlowRate. For plant, this flow rate is the main independent variable used by component models in their sizing routines (along with the design temperature difference in Sizing:Plant). The code is contained in a PlantCoinicidentAnalysis object, one for each plant loop that is to be sized using the coincident method using HVAC Sizing Simulation.
The analysis will proceed as follows:
Find the maximum mass flow rate over all Sizing Periods, along with the coinciding return temperature and load. Record which sizing period and timestep. This system node used for logging here is the plant loop supply side inlet node.
Find the maximum load, and the coinciding mass flow and return temperature. Record which sizing period and timestep. For a heating or steam plant loop, the load that is logged is associated with the output variable called Plant Supply Side Heating Demand Rate. For a cooling or condenser plant loop, the load log is as for the output variable called Plant Supply Side Cooling Demand Rate.
Calculate a maximum design flow rate from the maximum load, from step 2, and the temperature difference entered in the Plant:Sizing object and the specific heat (at 5oC) of the plant fluid.
Compare the flow rate from step 1 to the flow rate from step 3 and take the higher.
Apply a sizing factor to the flow rate from Step 4, if desired. The user can select among different options for which sizing factor use.
Compare the flow rate from step 5 to the current value for plant loop flow rate and calculate a normalized change using
Normalized_Change=∣∣∣NewFlowRate−PreviousFlowRatePreviousFlowRate∣∣∣
See OutputDetailsAndExamples documentation for a description of a fairly comprehensive report sent the EIO file called “Plant Coincident Sizing Algorithm” which provides the user details for each execution of the algorithm. There is also a predefined summary table
The algorithm described above can have powerful impacts on the sizes of plant loops. It is not uncommon for a hot water plant to size out at around half of what would be determined from the noncoincident sum of the sizes of all the components connected to the loop. The maximum load aspect of the algorithm is able to increase plant flow rates above the size of the pumps, whereas the flow rate aspect of the algorithm is only able to reduce the flow rates. It can happen that load spikes cause sizes to increase after the first Sizing Pass, and then the coincident flow rate bring the sizes back down some during subsequent Sizing Passes. It is worthwhile to explore multiple Sizing Passes, or iterations, because sometimes the algorithm will switch between coincident flow and coincident demand from one Sizing Pass and gradually find a size that just meets conditions. Be aware that all the controls and EMS are also
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This documentation is made available under the EnergyPlus Open Source License v1.0.